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Bow Legs / Genu Varum
Definition: A reduction in the normal tibiofemoral angle results in genu varum.
Causes: Genu varum ought to be differentiated from Blount's disease in which only the tibia is affected, whereas both the femur and tibia contribute to genu varum. Neonates often present with genu varum due to the stresses applied to their lower limbs whilst in the foetal position: a deformity which tends to right itself in later years of life. Other causes of genu varum include rickets, skeletal tumours and infections. Occupational deformities can occur in jockeys and horse-riders.
Examination: As for genu valgum, genu varum is not always problematic. The main concern is the development of osteoarthrosis due to un-evenly distributed pressure over the knee joint. A patient with bow legs will have an exaggerated space between their knees when standing with the feet together.